A Letter to Justice Amy Coney Barrett

Dear Justice Barrett,

It seems that you all have a Trumpian wolf by the ears.  Can’t let go, can you?

A case in point is your recent majority opinion that lower-level federal courts do not have authority to issue universal injunctions, eviscerating 60 plus years of American common law. You based this opinion from your reading of the Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 and your deep historical analysis of Great Britain’s courts at the time of our country’s founding, concluding English courts did not have authority to issue universal injunctions, so we shouldn’t either.  Pray tell, in your exhaustive historical analysis did you happen by chance to read anything about presidents ruling solely by illegal decrees?

You also argued that ‘complete’ and ‘universal’ injunctions were not synonymous.  Your parsing of the meanings between complete and universal seemed to me like watching two drunk uncles argue the difference between jam and preserves at a family brunch. Amusing….. worthless and pointless.

You further pointed out that from about 1962 to the present, lower federal courts did issue universal injunctions. Rarely, but that recently they have become too common.  Why you dismissed almost 63 years of federal jurisprudence and common law, is beyond me. 

You sum up your thoughts with an aphorism: “When a court concludes that the Executive Branch has acted unlawfully, the answer is not for the court to exceed its power, too.”  I think your dictum fails to see the forest from the trees.  You just gave the executive branch immense power to act extra constitutionally without fear of judicial restraint. Sort of like an open marriage, no?

What you don’t see, but what Hamilton and Madison did see, is that the Constitution is a parchment barrier to tyranny.  The Constitution requires virtuous presidents and virtuous legislators and virtuous judges to survive.  Trump is not virtuous by any stretch of the imagination, and you know that.  Congress has abdicated its’ powers.  Yet, you and Roberts act like Trump is virtuous and a ‘normal’ president.  

The Court had the opportunity during the Biden administration to make this ruling when multiple courts issued universal injunctions against his executive orders.  You refused White House demands for relief, particularly those dealing with student loan forgiveness. Your timing is suspect.  One can argue that you all just think conservative presidents can or should rule by decree, but not liberal ones.  Or, one can argue, you fear angering Trump, that you are pulling your judicial punches out of terror.  You nurtured and protected this wolf when it was young, now you have this wild, undomesticated snarling beast by the ears, bared teeth inches from your face.  And you caved.  I think the legal term is ‘Mingo ones Braccas’ or in English ‘pissed one’s pants.’

At its core, your ruling was fickle and weak, even naïve, and follows a pattern of avoiding Trump’s public rage.   In times like this boldness is required.   Hamilton warned of this in Federalist 78, of the judiciary’s weakness in comparison to the ‘sword’ of the executive branch and the ‘purse’ of the legislative branch.  Instead of being independent of the executive branch – what your boss liked to call balls and strikes — you all have a Stockholm syndrome like relationship with Trump, crowning him King last term, now giving him additional powers to wreck executive havoc without early and frequent checks by the judiciary.  Your rulings only embolden Trump and reduce avenues for timely non-violent redress of Trump’s executive branch power grabs.  Let me repeat the critical part, your ruling reduces avenues for timely non-violent redress to Trump’s illegal acts.

You opened an executive power pandora’s box.  You all on the Court are fond of hypotheticals.  Let’s do some to explore logical outcomes of your decision:

Hypothetical One: Trump issues an executive order invalidating the 13th Amendment, arguing it was ratified under duress.  Effective immediately slavery would no longer be illegal.  By your ruling, slavery would be legal throughout the land, unless paused locally, until the Supreme Court got around to declaring the executive order unconstitutional.  

Hypothetical Two:  Trump declares Brown v. Board of Education void and orders the segregation of federal government offices, schools, and facilities, permitting the designation of “whites only” spaces.  By your ruling, ‘separate but equal’ would be legal throughout the land, unless paused locally, until you all at the Supreme Court got around to declaring the executive order unconstitutional.  

While you may think that these hypothetical executive orders are outrageous, don’t you think the ban on birthright citizenship is just as wicked? While purporting to be race neutral, the ban is blatantly racist, targeting predominantly brown and black undocumented migrants and their unborn children, who make up the bulk of migrants to this country in this era.  If the bulk of undocumented migrants were from predominantly white countries, vice Mexico, Central or South America, or Africa, there would be no ban on birthright citizenship.  Yet you casually let the ban start in 30 days.  You could have made the same ruling but paused implementation for 90 days. One suspects that the Court will overturn birthright citizenship, in part, soon.

Furthermore, post-ruling remarks by you and Roberts are not helpful.  Chief Justice Roberts’ comment, “It would be good if people appreciated it’s not the judges’ fault that a correct interpretation of the law meant that, no, you don’t get to do this,…”  That’s funny because mostly you all rule that Trump gets to do just what he wants in most every shadow docket case that comes before you.  You know, from a philosophical and humanist perspective, a ‘correct’ interpretation is not always the ‘right’ ruling.  Things aren’t always black and white.  

Roberts’ comments show just how detached and callus your conservative majority have become.  You act as if your decisions are purely academic exercises, without any real-life consequences, such as being born stateless in America or being put to death.  You won’t be up to your assess in alligators but many literally will be.

If you wrestle with these paradoxes and nuances and life shattering decisions, it does not show in your antiseptic prose or victory laps.  Show some humanity, will you.  And as for your comments about Justice Jackson, I would rather have an imperial judiciary – since it doesn’t have the sword or the purse — than an unchecked imperial crazy-like-a-loon presidency, although I don’t wish to insult the Common Loon, which is a beautiful waterbird with a wonderful, haunting call.

Let me finish with a bit of history.  In 1933, because of parliamentary deadlock, political polarization, and a failed economy, German Conservative parties supported the appointment of a political novice to be head of government instead of forming a ruling coalition with the Left.  They preferred the fascists to the leftists.  The Conservatives thought they could control this political neophyte.  Sound familiar.  After assuming the Chancellorship, parliament passed a law giving the new Chancellor four years to rule by decree.  

That Chancellor was Adolph Hitler and it did not end well for the Germans. In a similar fashion, Congress is letting Trump rule by decree for the next four years, and you, the Supreme Court, are also permitting Trump to rule by decree.  I am not arguing that Trump and Hitler are moral equivalents, but Trump is the leader of an ultranationalist populist movement that is presently eroding the rule of law, like a melting ice sheet in Antarctica.  And, as the big, beautiful bill lays out in its 900 plus pages, he is not a true friend of the working classes.  Instead, transferring immense riches to the top 10 percent through regressive tax policies, building a police state, and further hollowing out the American dream for most working-class folks.   Do you think the $40 billion in new prisons will be just for migrants?

Sincerely,

A concerned citizen

The Good, the Bad and the Ugly

For three plus years my wife and I were volunteer repair program managers for Charlottesville’s Habitat for Humanity program in Louisa.  The repair program primarily focused on ensuring folks could safely get in and out of their homes.  This included repairing or replacing decks or stoops and stairs, replacing or repairing exterior doors, installing ramps.  We also replaced or fixed window, siding, soffits, gutters, and the occasional roof.  The work was all done by volunteers.  One year I put 2500 miles on my truck supporting Habitat projects, which reflects the demand for housing aid in Louisa County.

Whether or not a project went forward after the initial survey and scope of work was completed, depended on the client’s income.  They had to make at or less than 50 percent of the average marginal income for the county.   Our typical client was female, over 65, widowed, earning between $8 to $24K per year.  The bulk of that from Social Security.  To say the least, they struggled to keep maintain their homes.  Most had worked their entire adult lives yet have economically drifted downwards into poverty once they can work no longer.  

No defined pensions, marginal savings if any.  The only wealth they have was tied up in their home and land, but without being able to maintain the home or land, its value shrinks.  Given the absence of affordable housing in the county, the elderly who want to maintain their independence and local connections have two basic choices:  Sell and move out of the county or stay in a decaying home.  The Fluvanna-Louisa Housing Foundation is working solutions for this conundrum of Louisa’s elderly, pulling an indifferent Board of Supervisors along with it.

The reasons for the statistic regarding our primary clients are myriad, but three primary causes stand out. Women tend to get paid less than their male counterparts, even if they worked the same job. This continues to this day.  Additionally, women of the generation we tended to work with were limited to careers they could work in, which in many instances, were lower paid.  Finally, during childbearing years, women usually had to quit work or take long periods of unpaid leave.  A triple whammy. Social Security benefits are tied to one’s annual income and lifelong earnings.  So, after decades of work and sacrifices, women tend to have accumulated less Social Security benefits and retirement savings.  Their reward?  Poverty.

The ‘big, beautiful bill’ will add misery to the county, especially to our elderly on fixed limited incomes.  For instance, our elderly clients typically pay Medicare premiums out of their Social Security benefits.  For those that cannot afford Medicare premiums, which I imagine were most of them, there used to be financial assistance through the Medicare Savings Program (MSP).  The beautiful bill cuts or eliminates assistance.  The MSP cuts could force enrollees who earn less than $24K a year to pay an additional $3000 out of pocket for Medicare premiums, potentially $8k if a couple.  Our average client will be devastated economically, to say nothing about the impacts to their health care should they lose Medicare insurance, such as access to prescriptions.  

Speaking of health care, cuts to Medicaid will indirectly impact access to health care for the elderly in rural areas such as Louisa.  Rural hospitals and clinics rely on Medicaid payments to stay in business. Less income will result in closures.  About 17 percent of Louisa residents rely on Medicaid.  Louisa is already a medical care desert as it is, and it will get worse after this bill.  No hospital, no public health clinics (except for Central Virginia Health Services, a non-profit group), and no private urgent care type facilities (not profitable enough for them to come to Louisa).  I imagine that the number of doctor offices we do have will shrink.

Shifting money to the wealthy.  The bill does provide for a senior tax deduction.  If you earn more in income benefits, you can claim a larger tax deduction.  For instance, if you are 65 or older, earn up to $75K, these folks can claim a $6500 tax deduction.  Our typical client would not benefit from this tax deduction at all.  

This senior tax deduction is another way of transferring wealth to older, wealthier folks, and short shifting the young.  Contrast the $6500 senior tax deduction with the $200 dollar increase in childcare tax deduction from $2000 to $2200 per year.  I thought we loved our children.  In Virginia, the average infant childcare cost is $14k per year, about $11K for a four-year-old.  Overall, these types of tax breaks will accelerate the depletion of the Social Security Trust Fund.  Basically, now 2033.  

The bill is big, but it is not beautiful, it is damn ugly, like the spaghetti western, the good, the bad and the ugly.  Mostly the latter two.  It attacks the poor, marginalizes working class women, and transfers immense wealth to the upper classes, leaving many to struggle mightily for safe housing, food security, and access to health care.  About 60 percent of the bill’s financial benefits will go to 20 percent of the population.  12 million folks will lose access to health care insurance.  Millions of working-class folks will lose access to food aid because of “paperwork barriers” designed to reduce the number of enrollees.  Yet, with these “savings” we are going to build a police state through $150 billion in increased funding for DHS agents and a trillion-dollar defense budget.  

Our 5th Congressional District representative John McGuire voted for the bill and issued an ingratiating, bootlicking, suck-up press release fit for North Korea, not America, on the cusp of 250 years of independence from Kings. Like a sucker fish on a shark, McGuire is attached to Trump’s big, beautiful orange ass.

Tom’s Report on the State of America’s Democratic Health

As of June 28, 2025

Benchmarks of Democratic Backsliding and Erosion

It was a bad week for Supremes. Both Iran and our Supreme Court capitulated in all but name to Trump.

With an absent Congress, a crippled civil and foreign service, an executive branch stuffed with Trump’s willing destroyers, and a military increasingly politicized, the last bastion of non-violent resistance to Trump’s autocratic dictates was crippled by the Supreme Court.   The Court ruled 6 to 3 that ‘universal injunctions’ were not permitted to be issued by lower federal courts any longer.  The one tool to stop Trump in his tracks, the lower courts, was crippled by the high court. This will make stopping Trump’s barrage of illegal and unconstitutional executive orders much more difficult, perhaps fatally so.

Justice Barrett argued in the Court’s opinion that the Federal Judicial Act of 1789 did not authorize such nationwide injunctions, that “complete relief’ is not synonymous with “universal relief.”  Hmmm, complete means ‘total’ and universal means ‘all.’  Pretty damn close to me, but I digress.  Nor did English Common law permit such injunctions in Great Britian in the late 18th century at the time of our founding, she pointed out.  Thank God we are using 18th century jurisprudence in a 21st century era of mass communication.  She acknowledged, however, that universal injunctions were first used in 1962. A 63 year old precedent that she then set aside with a swish of her judicial pen. She concluded her opinion, “When a court concludes that the Executive Branch has acted unlawfully, the answer is not for the court to exceed its power, too.”  Naïve and judicially dangerous.  

The timing of this ruling is suspect.  After 63 years of ignoring or permitting universal injunctions, the Supreme decided now, with Trump as president, to slam shut that door.  One would think that after 63 years, lower court universal injections would become part of our common law heritage.  Why not do this when Biden was president and numerous universal injunctions were issued against executive orders for student loan relief? This ruling follows a broader pattern of the high court being, in my opinion, overly deferential to Trump and his notion of a powerful executive branch.  This ruling in conjunction with a previous Roberts’ ruling that Trump has immunity from criminal acts for official acts, basically makes Trump an autocrat in waiting.  And he won’t wait long.

Now what Amy?  What happens if Trump declares that Brown v. Board of Education was wrongly decided and issues an executive order segregating federal government offices and military academies (and those business or entities with federal contracts or funding by race)? Are we to wait six months to a year for the court cases to meander their way to the Supreme Court while government offices around the nation put up ‘white only’ signs?  When an executive order is so patently unconstitutional?  Legal brains but no common sense.

I can imagine the screams if a Democrat president through executive order immediately bans the manufacture, sale, and distribution of AR-15 type weapons, high-capacity magazines, ammunition, bump stocks, and other weapons deemed to be military grade.  No universal injunction, just a patch work of local injunctions.  The right would have a meltdown.  

This ban on universal injunctions invites the executive branch to rewrite the Constitution at will, overturn Supreme Court decisions at will, overwhelming and inundating the lower federal courts to the point they cease to function effectively.  It will become a shit show of unintended consequences, further fracturing and dividing this country.  The Supreme Court surrendered the judicial branch to the executive branch, or as Trump would say, “unconditional surrender.”

In total, his ruling will create a nation universally splintered by different rulings and thereby laws.  Uncertainty would reign supreme for nationwide businesses: can’t do that in California, but legal in Texas. As for the issue of birthright citizenship, after Barretts’ 30-day delay, some kids born in Texas won’t be US citizens, but if they were born in New York, would be.  Tens of thousands of stateless kids.  What a mess.

Fisher Chewing Data Center Campus Update: Mineral Supervisor to Vote “NO.”

On a hot and steamy summer evening, Louisa residents gathered at the High School theater to participate in a town hall meeting organized by Mineral Supervisor, and Chairman of the Louisa Board of Supervisors, Duane Adams. I estimate approximately 300 folks attended, representing not only the Mineral district but a broad representation of the whole of Louisa County. The mood light, but pensive, as folks entered and took their seats or milled about chatting with one another.

After brief remarks by Adams, the question session began. From the first question onward, it was clear that the majority opposed the proposed Fisher Chewing Data Center Campus. Questions focused on three main themes: water, power, and projected tax revenues. Skepticism abounded. The questions were not limited to the proposed new data center campus, however, but also focused on the two already approved Amazon Web Service data centers and the newly announced Shannon Hill Road data center near I-64.

In one early exchange, a woman who said she worked professionally as a data center designer and planner, challenged Adams’s assertion that every five years the data center’s hardware, such as servers, would be replaced. By installing new equipment every five years, Adams’s alleged, the business tax revenues would reset, with Louisa County reaping the maximum tax revenue. She said that assumption was flat out wrong.

She has a point, Loudoun County had a $60 million dollar tax shortfall based on this very same faulty assumption regarding a five year replacement cycle. Data centers can depreciate their hardware/equipment which allows them to pay less taxes as the equipment ages. They do not have some magical 5 year replacement cycle and replacement depends on a whole host of complex business reasons, corporate profit being one of them. This holds true for data centers in Louisa.

Adams seemed taken aback, and when she then asked Adams if the proposed data center was going to be a tier 1, 2, 3, or 4 facility, he looked a deer in the headlights, and did not answer, at least not coherently, and continued to talk over her, refusing to let her respond to his remarks, quickly moving on to another questioner. Many in the crowd were not happy with Adam’s silencing tactic, and shouted for her to be able to respond, “let her respond” rang out for a minute or so. She was never permitted to ask another question during the town hall, even though she was promised an opportunity ‘once everyone else had asked their questions.’

Adams talking over women questioners and not letting them finish their questions was a theme throughout the evening, but perhaps that is a topic of another essay.

Nonetheless, this did not deter others from asking pointed questions about noise pollution abatement; carbon offsets, water sources and usage; sewage treatment for contaminated cooling water; fallacies in the tax revenue projections; why a billion dollar corporation needs tax waivers that normal Louisa business do not get (for instance their tax rate on business equipment); number of jobs once construction is over (which Adams wildly over inflated); sources and cost of power (which Adams routinely demurred with the response that power “was not in our control”).

The town hall lasted just short of two hours, with a majority of those wanting to ask questions denied the opportunity to do so were left with the option to submit their questions on a form. In the end, Adams said he would not vote to approve the data center. Adams, from the start of the town hall, said that he was not enthralled by the proposal, but despite that assertion, he seemed overly defensive throughout the question session. One can read from his behavior that perhaps he wasn’t being totally forthright about his doubts about the proposal or was defensive about previous decisions regarding data centers he had made. Nonetheless, he continued, cautioning that he was one of six supervisors, and that folks need to reach out to their respective district supervisors.

Overall, the town hall was an opportunity for the community to speak its collective mind about not only the newly proposed data center, but about data centers in general in Louisa County and their unknown impacts, large and small. Near the end you heard more and more the question, “Why the rush? Why the rush?” I get the sense that folks just want to wait and see the impacts of the first two data centers and not blindly rush into new agreements and contracts, chasing the siren calls of easy tax revenue.

Third Amazon Datacenter Proposed for Louisa County:  Town Hall, Thursday, June 26, at Louisa High School

The Chairman of the Louisa County Board of Supervisors, and supervisor for the Mineral District, Duane Adams, will host a town hall meeting this Thursday at the Louisa High School regarding Amazon’s proposal to build a third datacenter in Louisa County.  The town hall will be at 6:30 in the Alan Jackson Theater.  

An initial public hearing regarding the proposal did not go well for Amazon as most attendees, it was reported, were opposed to the project.

Tammy Purcell’s excellent “Engage Louisa” blog explains in detail Amazon’s proposal, the Louisa County Board of Supervisors responses, the general mood of people attending the hearing. Her blog lays out the issues regarding water usage, power consumption, environmental impacts, and proposed revenue from property taxes.

After reading her recent blogs on the proposed datacenter, however, I have reservations and don’t think it in the best interest of Louisa to have a third data center for several reasons.

Amazon’s application for a ‘conditional use permit’ does not specify how much power the data center will require, nor does it specify how much water it will take from the Northeast Creek Reservoir daily.  They are intimately related.  Water consumption is based on the number of liters per kilowatt hour (l/KwH).  Without hard numbers on power consumption, estimates of daily gallons of water consumed from the reservoir are meaningless speculation.  Estimates range from 500k gallons per day to several millions.  Given the record heat wave this past week, draws of 3 million gallons of water a day for weeks on end would drain the reservoir. What are the contingencies should that happen?

As for the power, where will it come from?  Does Virginia, with already over 500 datacenters — the highest number in the U.S. — have the capacity to provide power to ever increasing numbers of datacenters? At a minimum, this lack of capacity will raise electricity costs for Louisa consumers, with perhaps hundreds of thousands of dollars in higher utility bills annually.  Dominion Power has already proposed 15 percent increases, according to news sources, to power the surge in datacenters. What about emergency generators? How many and how often will they be tested?

In the absence of state wide generating capacity, will local gas-powered power stations be a proposed solution?  In Pittsylvania County, Virginia, the citizens there recently defeated a proposal for a 3,500-megawatt gas powered power station for a 2200 acre datacenter campus.  According to reporting by the Daily Yonder, “researchers from the Dominici Lab at Harvard University’s School of Public Health went to work mapping the plant’s expected emissions of a particularly dangerous pollutant called fine particulate matter. No level of exposure to this kind of pollutant is safe, yet the researchers found that more than 1.2 million residents would face some amount of pollution across the Virginia-North Carolina line.

In Pittsylvania County, around 17,500 people, or more than one in four county residents, would face levels of exposure associated with increased hospitalizations due to heart attack, pneumonia, cardiovascular issues, and in severe cases, stroke or cancer.”

Too many questions remain unaddressed for a decision to be made anytime soon. Overall, are we as a community willing to trade a few extra phantom dollars into the county’s coffers at the expense of our health, give up our precious water resources, accept unaffordable electric bills, roll over to more environmental degradation?  

Who benefits from this cozy alliance between local boards of supervisors succumbing to the siren calls of phantom tax receipts and billion-dollar CEOs? Why the rush?  

Datacenters’ are like the coal mines of the gilded age, extracting wealth from finite resources of local communities for the benefit of the new breed of robber barons in their Newport Mansions. Let’s stop, think, and reflect before we rush into approving this application.

The Second Amendment and the Seizure of California’s National Guard

“The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed; a well armed and well regulated militia being the best security of a free country: but no person religiously scrupulous of bearing arms shall be compelled to render military service in person.”

Initial proposition that would become the Second Amendment

Several weeks ago under the pretext of executive power and spurious claims of out of control wide-spread protests and violence, Trump seized California’s National Guard and turned it on the citizens of Los Angeles.  Protest is not insurrection or rebellion; it is the fight to assemble and protest government actions and policies. Local police authorities in Los Angels City and County have tens of thousands of officers and the capability and will to control any lawlessness by a minority of protestors. 

California sued. The initial ruling in federal court was that the activation of the California National Guard was illegal. The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals stayed the ruling almost immediately and recently ruled that Trump may continue to to retain control of the California National Guard while the State’s lawsuit continues.  California did not make a second amendment argument, but I think it should have.  I argue that Trump’s seizure of the California National Guard is a fundamental violation of the Second Amendment’s original intent.  

The first federal Congress in 1789, fearing the possibility of one day having a despotic central government, wanted to amend the Constitution to restrict the federal government’s ability to strip state militias of the ability to ‘bear arms’ (among other things). That is essentially the states’ abilities to individually or collectively resist a repressive federal government.  California’s National Guard is just such a well-regulated militia.

By seizing the California National Guard and deploying it against the wishes of the governor, Trump took away California’s right to defend itself from a despotic and corrupt President and central government.  Adding insult to injury, active-duty Marines were also deployed to Los Angeles.

If you read the Congressional debates and follow the revisions surrounding the Second Amendment, the original intent of the Second Amendment was to prohibit the federal government from seizing or disbanding state militias.  Unfortunately, the Supreme Court has so mangled and distorted the amendment in the past decades that the second amendment’s original intent is unrecognizable. 

On June 8, 1789 — 236 years ago this month — James Madison introduced nine propositions or resolutions for amending the Constitution. From these propositions the House of Representatives would derive 17 amendments, of which, ten would eventually become what is known as the Bill of Rights. Way down the list, buried in proposition four, after statements about religious freedom, freedom of speech and press, the right to peaceable assembly and petitioning for redressing of grievances, Madison, proposed what would become the second amendment.

The Annals of Congress contains the record of the running debates surrounding the amendments to the Constitution and reflect contemporaneous conceptions of the meanings of these amendments, and how they changed over the debates. Madison, borrowing from the other state constitutions and even the 1689 English Bill of Rights, proposed the following language regarding the right to bear arms (House Records, pp. 451-452):

“The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed; a well armed and well regulated militia being the best security of a free country: but no person religiously scrupulous of bearing arms shall be compelled to render military service in person.”

Madison’s propositions did not gain much traction in Congress. Members of Congress were more concerned with the mechanics of setting up a functioning government. The debates preceding and surrounding the discussions on the proposed amendments centered on funding mechanisms and structure of the various executive departments being contemplated. Madison nonetheless persisted, and on July 21 requested further consideration of the amendments. After “desultory” conversation on the amendments, they were referred to a committee of eleven, which included Madison.

Just short of a month later, the committee of eleven finished their work on the proposed amendments and presented them to the House of Representatives on August 17. Madison’s language on bearing arms was revised and read:

“A well regulated militia, composed of the body of the people, being the best security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed; but no person religiously scrupulous shall be compelled to bear arms (House Records, p.778)

Eldridge Gerry of Massachusetts, a veteran of the constitutional convention in Philadelphia in 1787, and who was one of three delegates who refused to sign the Constitution at the end of the convention, led the debate regarding the amendment to bear arms. His remarks are crucial, I think to understanding, the intent of this amendment. He states:

“This declaration of rights, I take it, is intended to secure the people against the mal-administration of the Government; if we could suppose that, in all cases, the rights of the people would be attended to, the occasion for guards of this kind would be removed (p. 778).”

Not one person during the debate contradicted or challenged Gerry’s assertion, which seems to state that the ability to keep and bear arms referred to the people’s ability to form militias as a collective defense against a tyrannical central government. The remainder of the debate that day on this amendment surrounded primarily the question of religious scruples and service in the militia.

After more “desultory” (I love that word) conversation, 17 proposed amendments to the Constitution were sent to the Senate on August 24. The bearing arms amendment was number 5 and read after some minor tweaking (Senate record, pp. 63-64):

“A well regulated militia, composed of the body of the people, being the best security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed, but no one religiously scrupulous of bearing arms shall be compelled to render military service in person.”

On September 4, the senate, whose records of debate are not as detailed as the House’s records of debate, showed that senators objected to a few of the amendments, but without comment as to why. “On the motion to adopt the fifth article of the amendments proposed by the House of Representatives, amended to read as followeth: ‘a well regulated militia, being the best security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed:’ It passed in the affirmative” (Senate Record, p. 71).

That senate version is today’s second amendment.

Trump’s actions run counter to the second amendment and are provocative and meant to inflame the citizens of Los Angeles and California.  He deliberately and recklessly tried to provoke a larger conflict and failed.  Now, instead of quelling protests, they are being used as an occupying army – with police powers – to accompany militarized ICE agents.  

It is not a good sign of democratic health when federal law enforcement agents dress and act like soldiers and the military act like police officers.  The stark historical difference between civilian police and the military are dangerously blurred and will eventually disappear.  For a president who increasingly sees military action as a solution to both domestic – blue states — and overseas issues we will witness an increase of National Guard activations and deployments to suppress domestic opposition soon I fear.  

If the Supreme Court sides with Trump, how will we, denizens of Virginia, defend itself from Trump’s provocations, corruption, and illegalities when Abigail Spanberger is elected governor this November and Virginia becomes a State with a blue governor?  

No Kings Protest, Richmond, Virginia, June 14, 2025: A photo journal

Tom’s Report on the State of America’s Democratic Health: Into the Crucible or Just Crazy Bat Shit?

As of June 7, 2025

Benchmarks of Democratic Backsliding and Erosion

Coup 2.0.  Trump continues the January 6 coup attempt.  In an unprecedented memorandum to the U.S. Attorney General, Trump directed the Department of Justice to investigate an alleged criminal conspiracy by former President Biden and his aides to cover up his mental decline.  The memorandum also claims that Biden was not mentally competent to sign legislation into law, appoint federal judges, issue executive orders, etc.  In effect, Trump is attempting to complete the January 6 insurrection and coup, by erasing the Biden Administration.   I suspect the results of the investigation will be used to attempt to discredit and remove all federal judges appointed by Biden, to include Supreme Court Justice Ketanji Brown, and declare all laws signed by Biden are null and void.

In another act of calculated revenge and cruelty, the wrongfully detained and deported man from Maryland, Abrego Garcia, was returned to the U.S. this week from El Salvador, after weeks of delays and claims he couldn’t be repatriated to America.  Garcia was flown to Tennessee where a federal multi-count indictment awaited him.  Nine counts of driving undocumented immigrants across the country and one count of conspiracy.  Garcia is paying the price for Trump’s illegal deportation program being halted by the federal courts.  

On June 4, the White House issued a proclamation targeting citizens of 12 countries from entering the United States.  National security reasons were listed for the travel ban, but they disproportionately targeted African countries, confirming suspicions that Trump is engaged in a campaign to dehumanize and criminalize blackness.

The Department of Defense announced plans to rename the supply ship Harvey Milk.  The renaming is part of a supposed DoD initiate to reinvigorate the military’s warrior spirit.  Milk was a veteran and was assassinated while holding political office.  He was also gay.  Does Hegseth know that one of the most feared ancient Greek fighting units was known as the Sacred Band of Thebes.  It was composed of 300 fighting men, basically 150 partnered lovers.  Also, up for consideration by DoD is to rename ships named after Ruth Bader Ginsberg and anti-slavery warrior and freedom fighter Harriet Tubman.  What is it with Hegseth and Trump and their hatred of powerful women and gay leaders? Anyway, it has long been considered taboo to rename ships. Bring bad luck they say.

The battle between Harvard and Trump continues with the administration issuing a proclamation banning foreign students issued visas to attend Harvard from entering the country.  That ban was halted temporarily by a federal Judge’s injunction on Thursday.  

Meanwhile, the Department of Homeland Security requested that the Defense Department activate 20,000 national guard troops to assist their law enforcement efforts to remove migrants from the country.  The National Guard units would be used for a host of duties, to include helping track down migrants, assignment to detention facilities, transporting migrants, providing other logistical support.  Apparently, in order to skirt Posse Comitatus restrictions, the guard units aren’t being ‘federalized’ so that they can participate in law enforcement operations.  That Act prohibits the military from engaging in law enforcement directly.  Such as making arrests like police officers or directly pursuing suspects. 

In a developing story, Trump activated 2000 California national guardsmen for deployment to Los Angeles following protests and clashes with ICE agents conducting roundups in heavily Latino city districts.  Tensions are high and are exacerbated by self-inflicted stupidity. For instance, earlier in the week in Torrance, a coastal city within the Los Angeles area, a 4th grade boy at his elementary school was detained along with his father.  They were separated at an immigration hearing, sent to Texas, to await deportation to Honduras. 

These provocative actions and others – such as arriving in neighborhoods in military-like uniforms, long guns, body armor, and armored vehicles – are counterproductive and lead to backlashes.  What the hell did they think would happen?  Defense Secretary Hegseth chimed that Marines at a nearby base were on high alert and ready to deploy if needed.  Hegseth, “ARE YOU FUCKING BAT SHIT CRAZY?”  That’s a rhetorical question of course. It seems Trump and his minions are itching to kill Americans in American streets.

Warrior Pride

What passing-bells for these who die as cattle?

— Only the monstrous anger of the guns.

Only the stuttering rifles’ rapid rattle

Can patter out their hasty orisons.

No mockeries now for them; no prayers nor bells;

Nor any voice of mourning save the choirs,—

The shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells;

And bugles calling for them from sad shires.

What candles may be held to speed them all?

Not in the hands of boys, but in their eyes

Shall shine the holy glimmers of goodbyes.

The pallor of girls’ brows shall be their pall;

Their flowers the tenderness of patient minds,

And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds.

“Anthem For Doomed Youth” Wilfred Owen

Somewhere near Sambre-Oise Canal in Northern France, on November 4, 1918, Wilfred Owen was machine gunned dead. A month earlier during an attack, Owen distinguished himself for bravery and was awarded the Military Cross, a medal reserved for British officers for gallantry in action.  Owen died in battle one week, almost to the hour, of the end of Great War.  He was gay, and a poet.  

Paul Fussell’s The Great War and Modern Memory gives an account of Owen’s wartime service — and how literary arts reflected the horrors of industrial trench warfare — as part of a broader narrative of how the war turned the world upside down.  Victorian idealized and romanticized notions of war and death were buried in the trenches of Flanders or Ypres along with a generation of young men. It’s one of the top five influential works in my life I have read.

Rooted in this 19th century idealized and romanticized notion of war and death are concepts of gender and masculinity and virtue.  The Trump administration’s war on gays, trans, and women soldiers harkens back to these antiquated notions of who can or should or is able to defend our country and fight our wars.  It is dangerous and misguided along with being bigoted and misogynistic.

During the second world war mathematician, cryptanalyst, and computer scientist Alan Turing was key to decoding intercepted German messages.  The war was shortened, and tens of thousands of allied lives were saved because of his efforts.  Turing also was a co-inventor of digital computers and a founding thinker of Artificial Intelligence.  He was gay, and died way to young, perhaps of a suicide.  In Hegseth’s world he would have been banned from service.  Hell, if Hegseth knew that today’s computers are based on Turing’s ideas, he would have all DOD computers destroyed.   Wouldn’t want ‘gay’ computers turning American warriors, you know queer.  

Well before Turin and Owen, there was the Sacred Band of Thebes, a 4th century BC, military unit composed of 300 men: 150 partners, lovers.  They kicked the Spartan’s asses and were famed for their military fighting prowess, that is their warrior spirit.  One can also point to the all-female warrior regiment of the Kingdom of Dahomey in West Africa from the 17th to 19th century in West Africa, that was known for its fierceness.

The point is, as I think you already know, being gay or trans or a woman has nothing to do with military readiness or discipline or warrior spirit or virtue.   It is crazy that today the Trump administration is rolling back inclusion and pluralism in our military and trying to impose 19th century concepts of manliness and virtue on a 21st century society.  Just fucking stupid dereliction of duty if you ask me. To rename ships because they are named after a gay man, or a woman supreme court justice, or a freedom fighter against slavery is the nadir of half-witted imbecility.  And the vast majority of today’s service members know this.

These policies are destructive and counterproductive and hurt readiness, and thereby our country’s ability to defend itself.  It also irreparably harms decent, hardworking, talented, patriotic Americans. 

Tom’s Report on the State of America’s Democratic Health: Fake Research Papers, Windmills, and Wildebeests

As of May 30, 2025

Benchmarks of Democratic Backsliding and Erosion

Trump’s personal battle of evermore with Harvard continues, with the administration banning foreign students from enrolling at Harvard and then a federal court issuing a temporary injunction.  Trump further ordered a freeze on all federal government contracts with Harvard, putting on ice about $100 million in funds.  This includes several hundred grants for medical research.

But who cares about real medical research when you can just make it up.  Health and Human Services Secretary Kennedy released a report on Making America Healthy Again (MAHA).  The report however, is riddled with problems, primarily that many scientific studies referenced in the report do not exist.  Yes, they were made up, fabricated.  Additionally, the FDA issued a statement opining that pregnant women and healthy children do not need COVID vaccinations.  Two issues, one, normally the Centers for Disease control makes vaccination recommendations, not the FDA, and two, pregnant women are at greater risk for bad outcomes from COVID infections, the science says.  Sadly, after Kennedy’s intentions were made clear, the CDC followed suit.  So, here we have it.  Science based policy decisions are thing of the past.  It’s Kennedy’s magical mystery tour.

The Department of Justice announced FBI investigations into several old closed cases. 1) They will reinvestigate pipe bombs left at the Democratic and Republican offices on January 6, you know the day Trump attempted a coup.  Conservative conspiracy theories are that the FBI planted them.  2) The Dobbs Supreme Court leak will also be reinvestigated.  My guess the “investigative results” it will be used to impeach one of the three remaining liberal justices. 3) During the Biden administration, a bag of cocaine was found and the FBI will reopen that investigation.   This follows previous weeks of charging a democratic house member with assaulting a federal agent, dragging former FBI Director James Comey before investigators for allegedly threatening Trump by posting a number on line: 8647, and investigate New York’s Attorney General Letitia James for mortgage fraud. 

Regarding foreign affairs, the U.S. Trade Court ruled this week that Trump’s global tariff regime was unconstitutional and that he overstepped his authority to issue such blanket global tariffs.  An appeals court promptly stayed the Trade Court’s ruling until that court can weigh in early June.  I imagine it will end up in the Supreme Court. It is anyone’s guess how that will end given the court’s propensity to hand over more and broader executive powers to Trump, basically fatally undermining the fundamental structure of separate and equal branches of government.

Meanwhile, Trump in a Friday missive lashed out at China for violating a ‘trade truce’ pending resolution of negotiations, which according to America’s negotiator, has stalled.  I imagine he will have TACOs for lunch later this week. This lashing of China comes on the heels of the administrations announcement that it was reviewing visas issued to China.  Trump is reimagining the America’s 19th Century “Chinese Exclusion Act.”  

Not to be outdone, Rubio’s State Department, announced a new policy targeting foreign government official that allegedly censor social media.  The intent of the policy is to target Brazilian Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Morae, who has made rulings against the social media company X and Elon Musk.  This will no doubt alienate one of our largest partners in South America.  I guess Putin and Orban and other foreign government officials that censor social media will be target.  Just joking.  

Meanwhile, after condemning social media censors, the Department of State announced a freeze on foreign student visas pending the imposition of “expanded” social media reviews to detect anti-American or antisemitic posts.   I guess our censorship is a different type of censorship, no?  

In sum, Trump is picking a fight-to-the- death confrontation with Harvard, basically summoning all the coercive control levers of federal executive power.  As I see it, Trump thinks that if he slays Harvard, the rest of academia will quickly surrender.  He may be right.  I expect him to ratchet up the pressure in the coming weeks.  

China is another case of Trump tilting at windmills.  I understand our strategic need to address China as an economic competitor – one that is kicking our butts, especially in technology – and a potential peer military opponent, but I just don’t see a comprehensive, well thought out strategy.  For instance, on one hand he said he is imposing tariffs on China (and around the world) to bring manufacturing back to America.  Yet, in the ‘big, beautiful bill,’ all the billions in investments in American clean energy domestic manufacturing is being killed.  It makes no strategic sense.  

Trump’s policies and management of foreign and domestic affairs are helter-skelter, undisciplined, score settling, and a way to line his and his family’s pockets with millions.  An like a herd of wildebeests charging headlong in to a crocodile infested river, the Republican party follows. 

Finally, so long Elon.